What does mutual inductance enable in a transformer?

Mutual inductance is a fundamental principle in the operation of transformers, allowing for the transfer of electrical energy between two coils through a shared magnetic field. This enables voltage transformation, which is one of the primary functions of a transformer.

When an alternating current flows through the primary coil (the input side), it generates a magnetic field, which induces a voltage in the secondary coil (the output side) due to mutual inductance. The amount of voltage induced in the secondary coil is proportional to the turns ratio between the two coils. This characteristic is what allows transformers to step up (increase) or step down (decrease) the voltage levels as needed for various applications, such as power transmission across long distances or in different circuit configurations.

Transformers do not inherently minimize power loss, provide overload protection, or guarantee maximum efficiency; rather, they are primarily designed to transform voltage levels through mutual inductance. Consequently, the correct answer identifies the capability of transformers to facilitate voltage changes effectively through this electromagnetic principle.