What is the relationship between the input and output voltage of a transformer based on?

The relationship between the input and output voltage of a transformer is based on the turns ratio of its windings. The turns ratio is defined as the ratio of the number of turns in the primary winding to the number of turns in the secondary winding. This ratio dictates how voltage is transformed from one side of the transformer to the other.

In essence, if the primary winding has more turns than the secondary winding, the transformer acts as a step-down transformer, reducing the voltage from the primary to the secondary. Conversely, if the secondary winding has more turns than the primary winding, the transformer acts as a step-up transformer, increasing the voltage. This fundamental principle allows transformers to efficiently convert high-voltage electricity to lower voltages for distribution and vice versa.

Other factors such as current ratio and voltage drop may play roles in the broader context of transformer operation, but they do not define the direct relationship between input and output voltage specifically. Phase angle pertains to the phase difference between alternating current waveforms and is not a determining factor in voltage transformation. Understanding the turns ratio is critical for designing and applying transformers effectively in electrical systems.